India has a vast network of rivers which are the lifeline of Indian civilization from the ages. Almost every Indian metropolitan city or small towns are established on the banks of these rivers.
From the ancient time, some of the Indian rivers are considered as pious and treated like God. Every year thousands of devotees thronged at their banks to pay their homage. Himalayas, the abode of snow is famous as the origin point of some of the largest and holiest rivers of India. These rivers are both naturally snow-fed and rain-fed and hence constantly flow throughout the year. Himalayan rivers discharge approximately 70 percent of their inflow into the sea. Some of the Himalayan rivers merges with Bay of Bengal while some joins with Arabian sea.
Some of the principle Indian rivers that originates from Himalayas are the mighty Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Indus. Beside these three rivers there are some secondary rivers that also originates from Himalayas but later on merge with these principle rivers such as Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and Yamuna.
Principle Himalayan Rivers:-
The Ganges:- Ganges, the most pious Indian river rises in the western Himalayas, in Uttaranchal state. The 2510 km long Ganga river originates from Gangotri near Devprayag. It is one of the major river of India that flows in the east direction from the Gangetic plain of Northern India and later on enters into the Bangladesh through Sunderban delta and drains out into Bay of Bengal. The depth of the Ganges river varies from place to place. The maximum depth is of 100 feet and the average depth is of 52 feet. Most of the northern Indian cities are established on the bank of this mighty river such as Haridwar, Rishikesh, Allahabad, Kashi and Varanasi etc.
Brahmaputra River :- The Brahmaputra which literally means the “son of Lord Brahma” originates from the slopes of Kailash in western Tibet near the vicinity of the holy lake of Mansarovar. It enters into India through the North eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh after traversing across the high-altitude Tibetan plateau as Tsangpo river. In Auranchal Pradesh, it enters by the name of Dihong but later on it meets with Dibang and Lohit river just beyond Pasighat, and finally emerged as Brahmaputra river. In Assam, it flows in the southwest direction and enters into Bangladesh as Jamuna river. Here, it meets with the Ganges river and again splits as Hugli and Padma river. When it merges with the Ganges river it forms the world's largest delta as Sunderbans. The average depth of Brahmaputra river is 124 feet and its maximum depth is 380 feet. The 1800miles long route of Brahmaputra is the main source of irrigation and transportation in India.
Indus river:- This is another principle river that originates form the north of Lake Mansarovar, in the Tibetan plateau. It flows through the Ladakh district of Indian state Jammu and Kashmir before entering to Pakistan. It is regraded as the lifeline of Pakistan. It merges into the Arabian sea near Karachi, the Port city of Pakistan. The total length of Indus river is 3,180 kilometres (1,976 miles) and together with Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and extinct Saraswati river, Indus creates Sapta Sindhu delta in Pakistan's Sindh province. The water level of this river diminishes in winter but increases during the monsoon time from July to September.
Secondary Himalayan Rivers:-
Jhelum river:- This river is one of the tributary of the Indus river and flows partly in India and partly in Pakistan. A spring at Verinag that is located at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the South eastern part of the Kashmir valley is the origin of the Jhelum river. In India, it flows through Srinagar and the Wular lake before entering into the Punjab province of Pakistan. It travels a route of 480 miles.
Chenab river:- Chenab river is the largest river in Himachal Pradesh in terms of volume of water and flows here for 122km. It is formed at Tandi at a height of 2,286 m due to the assemblage of Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Tandi is nestled in the Upper Himalayas of Lahaul- Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. At its initial stage, Chenab is also called as Chandra Bhaga. Although, Chenab originates in Himachal Pradesh, it also flows through the Jammu valley of Jammu and Kashmir and plains of Punjab before entering into Pakistan. Chenab river has a total length of 960 km, out of which 7,500 sq. km of catchment area lies in Himachal Pradesh. It meets some other Himalayan rivers during its journey such as Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas.
Ravi river:-Flowing through both India and Pakistan, river Ravi originates at Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. At its starting phase, it flows through north-west direction and changes to south-west near Dalhousie after than it enters to the plains of Punjab state near Pathankot. After entering to Pakistan, it joins to the Chenab river. It has a total length of 720 km. The famous city of Pakistan, Lahore is located on the eastern bank of Ravi river.
Beas river:- River Beas starts its journey at the Rohtang pass in Himachal Pradesh and flows for 470km before merging with Sutlej river at Harike Pattan, in the Ferozpur district of Punjab in India. After than, it enters into Pakistan and falls into the Arabian sea. Beas river travels a total length of 460 km out of which 256 km in Himachal Pradesh only. Manali, one of the picturesque hill station of northern India situated on the right side of this river.
Satluj river:- Satluj river, often known as the Red river, is the longest river among the five rivers that flows through Punjab and Pakistan. It originates from the Lake Rakshastal in Tibet near Mount Kailas. It flows in west and south-west direction and enters into India through the Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh. It travels a route of 320km in Himachal Pradesh. Its tributaries are the Spiti, the Ropa, the Taiti, the Kashang, the Mulgaon, the Yula, the Wanger, the Throng and the Rupi as right bank tributaries, whereas the Tirung, the Gayathing, the Baspa, the Duling and the Soldang are left bank tributaries. It enters to Punjab state at Bhakhra where the famous Bhakhra dam is created. After entering to Pakistan it merges with the Indus river. The total length of Satluj river is 1,448km.
Yamuna river:- This is the major tributary river of Ganges. It originates from Yamunotri in the lap of Himalayas in Uttaranchal state. Yamuna river flows in a southerly direction through the Himalayan foothills. With a total length of 1, 370 km, it flows through Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh before mixing with the river Ganges at Allahabad. The major tributaries of Yamuna river are Tons, Chambal, Betwa and Kon. One of the finest monument of Mughal era, the Taj Mahal is located on the bank of River Yamuna.
From the ancient time, some of the Indian rivers are considered as pious and treated like God. Every year thousands of devotees thronged at their banks to pay their homage. Himalayas, the abode of snow is famous as the origin point of some of the largest and holiest rivers of India. These rivers are both naturally snow-fed and rain-fed and hence constantly flow throughout the year. Himalayan rivers discharge approximately 70 percent of their inflow into the sea. Some of the Himalayan rivers merges with Bay of Bengal while some joins with Arabian sea.
Some of the principle Indian rivers that originates from Himalayas are the mighty Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Indus. Beside these three rivers there are some secondary rivers that also originates from Himalayas but later on merge with these principle rivers such as Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and Yamuna.
Principle Himalayan Rivers:-
The Ganges:- Ganges, the most pious Indian river rises in the western Himalayas, in Uttaranchal state. The 2510 km long Ganga river originates from Gangotri near Devprayag. It is one of the major river of India that flows in the east direction from the Gangetic plain of Northern India and later on enters into the Bangladesh through Sunderban delta and drains out into Bay of Bengal. The depth of the Ganges river varies from place to place. The maximum depth is of 100 feet and the average depth is of 52 feet. Most of the northern Indian cities are established on the bank of this mighty river such as Haridwar, Rishikesh, Allahabad, Kashi and Varanasi etc.
Brahmaputra River :- The Brahmaputra which literally means the “son of Lord Brahma” originates from the slopes of Kailash in western Tibet near the vicinity of the holy lake of Mansarovar. It enters into India through the North eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh after traversing across the high-altitude Tibetan plateau as Tsangpo river. In Auranchal Pradesh, it enters by the name of Dihong but later on it meets with Dibang and Lohit river just beyond Pasighat, and finally emerged as Brahmaputra river. In Assam, it flows in the southwest direction and enters into Bangladesh as Jamuna river. Here, it meets with the Ganges river and again splits as Hugli and Padma river. When it merges with the Ganges river it forms the world's largest delta as Sunderbans. The average depth of Brahmaputra river is 124 feet and its maximum depth is 380 feet. The 1800miles long route of Brahmaputra is the main source of irrigation and transportation in India.
Indus river:- This is another principle river that originates form the north of Lake Mansarovar, in the Tibetan plateau. It flows through the Ladakh district of Indian state Jammu and Kashmir before entering to Pakistan. It is regraded as the lifeline of Pakistan. It merges into the Arabian sea near Karachi, the Port city of Pakistan. The total length of Indus river is 3,180 kilometres (1,976 miles) and together with Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and extinct Saraswati river, Indus creates Sapta Sindhu delta in Pakistan's Sindh province. The water level of this river diminishes in winter but increases during the monsoon time from July to September.
Secondary Himalayan Rivers:-
Jhelum river:- This river is one of the tributary of the Indus river and flows partly in India and partly in Pakistan. A spring at Verinag that is located at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the South eastern part of the Kashmir valley is the origin of the Jhelum river. In India, it flows through Srinagar and the Wular lake before entering into the Punjab province of Pakistan. It travels a route of 480 miles.
Chenab river:- Chenab river is the largest river in Himachal Pradesh in terms of volume of water and flows here for 122km. It is formed at Tandi at a height of 2,286 m due to the assemblage of Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Tandi is nestled in the Upper Himalayas of Lahaul- Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. At its initial stage, Chenab is also called as Chandra Bhaga. Although, Chenab originates in Himachal Pradesh, it also flows through the Jammu valley of Jammu and Kashmir and plains of Punjab before entering into Pakistan. Chenab river has a total length of 960 km, out of which 7,500 sq. km of catchment area lies in Himachal Pradesh. It meets some other Himalayan rivers during its journey such as Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas.
Ravi river:-Flowing through both India and Pakistan, river Ravi originates at Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. At its starting phase, it flows through north-west direction and changes to south-west near Dalhousie after than it enters to the plains of Punjab state near Pathankot. After entering to Pakistan, it joins to the Chenab river. It has a total length of 720 km. The famous city of Pakistan, Lahore is located on the eastern bank of Ravi river.
Beas river:- River Beas starts its journey at the Rohtang pass in Himachal Pradesh and flows for 470km before merging with Sutlej river at Harike Pattan, in the Ferozpur district of Punjab in India. After than, it enters into Pakistan and falls into the Arabian sea. Beas river travels a total length of 460 km out of which 256 km in Himachal Pradesh only. Manali, one of the picturesque hill station of northern India situated on the right side of this river.
Satluj river:- Satluj river, often known as the Red river, is the longest river among the five rivers that flows through Punjab and Pakistan. It originates from the Lake Rakshastal in Tibet near Mount Kailas. It flows in west and south-west direction and enters into India through the Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh. It travels a route of 320km in Himachal Pradesh. Its tributaries are the Spiti, the Ropa, the Taiti, the Kashang, the Mulgaon, the Yula, the Wanger, the Throng and the Rupi as right bank tributaries, whereas the Tirung, the Gayathing, the Baspa, the Duling and the Soldang are left bank tributaries. It enters to Punjab state at Bhakhra where the famous Bhakhra dam is created. After entering to Pakistan it merges with the Indus river. The total length of Satluj river is 1,448km.
Yamuna river:- This is the major tributary river of Ganges. It originates from Yamunotri in the lap of Himalayas in Uttaranchal state. Yamuna river flows in a southerly direction through the Himalayan foothills. With a total length of 1, 370 km, it flows through Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh before mixing with the river Ganges at Allahabad. The major tributaries of Yamuna river are Tons, Chambal, Betwa and Kon. One of the finest monument of Mughal era, the Taj Mahal is located on the bank of River Yamuna.
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